The Kochi canal rejuvenation project moves forward despite continuing concerns over land acquisition and displacement.
The Integrated Urban Regeneration and Water Transport System (IURWTS), implemented by Kochi Metro Rail Limited (KMRL), continues to advance despite longstanding concerns from communities likely to be affected by land acquisition and eviction. First announced in 2019, the project seeks to rejuvenate Kochi’s canal network, improve flood management, create navigable waterways, enhance sanitation infrastructure, and promote tourism and recreation along canal banks.
The project originally covered six canals—Edappally, Chilavannoor, Perandoor, Thevara, Market, and Konthuruthy—but subsequent project documents include a seventh canal, Mangalavanam. KMRL has stated that the project aims to restore the city’s relationship with its waterways through canal widening, dredging, sewage treatment infrastructure, water transport facilities, and waterfront development.
According to KMRL’s 2024-25 Annual Report, the project has secured statutory approvals, including Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, and wildlife clearances. Land acquisition proposals covering approximately 41.27 hectares of private land and 2.79 hectares of government land have been submitted. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) studies have been completed for proposed sewage treatment plants and pumping stations, while SIAs for the Edappally and Chilavannoor canals are ongoing.
The project cost has increased substantially, rising from ₹1,528 crore in 2019 to ₹3,873 crore by 2023. Delays continue to be attributed to disputes over land acquisition, funding constraints, and disagreements between KMRL, local government representatives, and the district administration regarding implementation responsibilities. While KMRL has argued that land acquisition delays have stalled progress, local officials have criticised the agency for not initiating work in areas where acquisition is not required.
In 2025-26, the Kerala government increasingly framed the project as a climate adaptation measure. Rising sea levels, tidal flooding, land subsidence, and chronic waterlogging in Kochi have been cited as reasons for accelerating canal restoration. A March 2026 report highlighted concerns that low-lying areas such as Vypeen and Chellanam could face heightened flooding risks in coming decades. Project proponents argue that dredging, desilting, canal widening, and improved drainage infrastructure will strengthen the city’s flood resilience.
Despite these developments, concerns raised by residents regarding displacement, rehabilitation, procedural transparency, and the social impacts of land acquisition remain unresolved.
Demand/Contention of the Affected Community
Refusal to give up land for the project
Complaint against procedural violations
Opposition against environmental degradation
Other Demand/Contention of the Affected Community
Region Classification
Urban
Type of Land
Common and Private
Non-Forest (Other than Grazing Land)
What was the action taken by the police?
How many people did the police detain or arrest?
What is the current status of the detained/accused persons?
Did the person face any violence while in police custody?
If any arrests took place, were the accused persons produced before a judge within 24 hours of the arrest?
If the accused was not produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, or not produced at all, what were the reasons?
Legislation under which the accused was charged
Was the accused person informed of their right to legal representation? Did the accused person have access to legal aid?
In cases where the accused person approached the court for bail, was bail granted?
Why was bail granted or rejected? If granted, what were the bail conditions and quantum of bail?
Details of sources (names of accused, names and numbers of any lawyers, names of any police officers contacted)
Status of Project
Original Project Deadline
2023
Whether the Project has been Delayed
Yes
Significance of Land to Land Owners/Users
Water bodies, Dwelling/habitation use, Other livelihood purposes
Whether the project was stalled due to land conflict
Yes
Source/Reference
https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2024/Jun/06/canal-rejuvenation-key-to-waterlogging-free-kochi-3
Total investment involved (in Crores):
₹
3873
Type of investment:
Cost of Project
Year of Estimation
2023
Has the Conflict Ended?
No
When did it end?
Why did the conflict end?
Categories of Legislations Involved in the Conflict
Other, Environmental Law, Central/State Government Policy, Land Acquisition Laws, Environmental Law
Legislations/Policies Involved
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Whether claims/objections were made as per procedure in the relevant statute
No
What was the claim(s)/objection(s) raised by the community?
What was the Decision of the Concerned Government Department?
Legal Processes and Loopholes Enabling the Conflict:
Delay in allottment and possession of land/property
Legal Status:
In Court
Status of Case In Court
Pending
Whether any adjudicatory body was approached
No
Name of the adjudicatory body
Name(s) of the Court(s)
National Green Tribunal (Southern Zone)
Case Number
O.A. No. 27 of 2021
Main Reasoning/Decision of court
Major Human Rights Violations Related to the Conflict:
Whether criminal law was used against protestors:
Reported Details of the Violation:
Date of Violation
Location of Violation
Government Departments Involved in the Conflict:
Kerala Coastal Zone Management Authority, District Administration, Coastal Shipping and Inland Navigation Department, Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board, Kochi Metro Rail Limited, Cochin Corporation, Thrikakkara Municipality, Kalamassery Municipality, Thripunithura Municipalities, Elected Representatives from the Local Wards
PSUs Involved in the Conflict:
Kochi Metro Rail Limited
Did LCW Approach Government Authorities for Comments?
Yes
Name, Designation and Comment of the Government Authorities Approached
Corporate Parties Involved in the Conflict:
Did LCW Approach Corporate Parties for Comments?
Communities/Local Organisations in the Conflict:
What was the action taken by the police?
How many people did the police detain or arrest?
What is the current status of the detained/accused persons?
Did the person face any violence while in police custody?
If any arrests took place, were the accused persons produced before a judge within 24 hours of the arrest?
If the accused was not produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, or not produced at all, what were the reasons?
Legislation under which the accused was charged
Was the accused person informed of their right to legal representation? Did the accused person have access to legal aid?
In cases where the accused person approached the court for bail, was bail granted?
Why was bail granted or rejected? If granted, what were the bail conditions and quantum of bail?
Were there any other notable irregularities that took place, or other significant details?
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Viswanathan is a creative individual whose interests lie at the intersection of architecture, urban development, and design. His research interests include issues of urban development, housing, water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH), and land. As an upcoming architect and urban development practitioner, he thrives on crafting visionary spaces and shaping vibrant communities. His diverse portfolio showcases his expertise across various disciplines, making him a true Renaissance professional. With him, the worlds of architecture, design, and social entrepreneurship unite, forming an individual dedicated to shaping the future and inspiring others to think beyond the ordinary.
